10 Deadliest Active Volcano In The World
A volcano is a geological formation on the Earth's surface that occurs when molten rock, ash, and gases escape from beneath the Earth's crust. This volcanic activity can result in the eruption of lava, ash clouds, and other volcanic materials. Volcanoes can be found all around the world and are often associated with tectonic plate boundaries.
10. Mount Kilauea (Hawaii)
Mount Kilauea is a highly active shield volcano located on the southeastern part of the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. It is one of the world's most active volcanoes and holds significant geological importance. Kilauea is known for its frequent eruptions and lava flows, making it a popular tourist destination and a subject of scientific study.
The volcano has a relatively low and broad shape, resembling a shield, which is characteristic of shield volcanoes. Its summit caldera, known as Halema'uma'u, is a massive depression where eruptions and lava lakes have been observed throughout history.
Kilauea's eruptions often involve the effusion of lava from vents along its flanks or within its caldera. The lava can flow long distances, sometimes reaching the ocean, creating mesmerizing and destructive lava deltas. These eruptions can also generate volcanic gases, ash, and volcanic plumes that affect air quality and pose potential hazards to the surrounding environment.
The area around Mount Kilauea is home to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which provides visitors with opportunities to witness the volcanic activity up close while appreciating the unique volcanic landscape and diverse flora and fauna that thrive in the region.
It's important to note that the status and activity of Mount Kilauea can change rapidly, so anyone planning to visit or live in the region should stay informed about the latest updates from local authorities and the US Geological Survey (USGS).
09. Mount Tambora (Indonesia)
Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia. It is renowned for having one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in recorded history. The catastrophic eruption occurred in April 1815 and had far-reaching consequences on a global scale.
Before the eruption, Mount Tambora stood at an impressive height of approximately 4,300 meters (14,100 feet). However, after the eruption, much of the volcano's summit collapsed, leaving a massive caldera now known as the "Tambora Caldera." The eruption is classified as a VEI-7 (Volcanic Explosivity Index), making it the most significant eruption in the past few thousand years.
During the 1815 eruption, Mount Tambora unleashed an immense amount of volcanic material and gas into the atmosphere. Pyroclastic flows, tsunamis, and ash clouds wreaked havoc in the surrounding region. The eruption's immediate impact resulted in the deaths of an estimated 71,000+ people, making it one of the deadliest volcanic events in history.
Furthermore, the eruption ejected a vast quantity of sulfur dioxide and other volcanic gases high into the stratosphere. These gases formed sulfuric acid aerosols, which reflected sunlight away from the Earth's surface and led to a drop in global temperatures. The following year, 1816, became known as the "Year Without a Summer" or "Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death" due to the resulting climate anomalies and crop failures worldwide.
The eruption of Mount Tambora significantly influenced climate patterns, and its effects were felt for several years after the event. Today, the caldera left by the eruption is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors interested in its geological history and the stunning natural landscape it offers.
08. Mount Fuzi (Japan)
Mount Fuji, also known as Fuji-san, is an iconic and active stratovolcano located on the Honshu island of Japan. It is the highest mountain in Japan, standing at approximately 3,776.24 meters (12,389 feet) above sea level. Mount Fuji holds great cultural and spiritual significance for the Japanese people and is considered a symbol of the nation.
The volcano's perfectly symmetrical cone shape and its snow-capped peak during colder months have made it an enduring subject of art, poetry, and literature throughout Japanese history. It has also become a UNESCO World Heritage site and a major tourist attraction, drawing climbers, hikers, and nature enthusiasts from around the world.
Mount Fuji has a relatively gentle slope at the base, with steeper terrain higher up, leading to a distinct and picturesque summit crater. While it has been dormant since its last eruption in 1707, Mount Fuji is still classified as an active volcano and is closely monitored for any signs of potential volcanic activity.
Every year, during the climbing season from July to September, thousands of people attempt to reach the summit to witness the breathtaking sunrise from its peak. The ascent is a significant pilgrimage for some, while others seek the thrill of conquering the iconic landmark and experiencing the stunning views of the surrounding landscapes.
To preserve the natural beauty of Mount Fuji and ensure safety for visitors, the Japanese authorities have established specific climbing routes, facilities, and guidelines for climbers. Whether admired from afar or conquered from the top, Mount Fuji continues to inspire and captivate people, leaving an indelible mark on Japan's cultural and geological heritage.
07. Cotopaxi (Ecuador)
Cotopaxi is one of the most famous and active volcanoes in the world, located in Ecuador, South America. It is part of the Andes mountain range and is situated about 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of the capital city, Quito. Cotopaxi is known for its near-perfect conical shape, making it a visually striking and majestic landmark.
At an elevation of approximately 5,897 meters (19,347 feet) above sea level, Cotopaxi is one of the highest active volcanoes on Earth. The volcano is characterized by its large summit crater, which houses a deep, snow-covered inner pit known as the "Nest of Condors."
Cotopaxi is still active, with a recorded history of numerous eruptions over the centuries. Eruptions can vary in intensity, ranging from minor ash emissions to large explosive events. Due to its proximity to populated areas, any significant eruption of Cotopaxi could pose significant hazards to nearby communities, and the volcano is closely monitored by geological and volcanic authorities in Ecuador.
Despite its active nature, Cotopaxi is a popular destination for mountaineers and adventure seekers. Ascending Cotopaxi is a challenging and rewarding experience for experienced climbers, offering breathtaking views and the opportunity to stand on the summit of one of the world's tallest active volcanoes.
Cotopaxi and its surrounding area are also part of Cotopaxi National Park, established in 1975 to protect the unique ecosystems, flora, and fauna found in the region. The park provides visitors with opportunities for hiking, wildlife viewing, and appreciating the volcanic landscapes of this captivating Andean treasure.
06. Mount Vesuvius (Italy)
Mount Vesuvius is a famous and historically significant stratovolcano located in Campania, Italy, near the city of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous and active volcanoes in the world. What makes Mount Vesuvius particularly renowned is its devastating eruption in 79 AD, which had catastrophic consequences on the nearby Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Before the eruption, Mount Vesuvius stood at a height of around 1,300 meters (4,300 feet). However, the eruption caused a massive explosion, releasing a tremendous amount of volcanic material, ash, and pyroclastic flows. The eruption is estimated to have been a VEI-5 event, resulting in the collapse of the volcano's summit area.
The volcanic eruption buried the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under layers of ash and pumice, preserving them remarkably well and providing invaluable insights into ancient Roman life. The disaster led to the deaths of thousands of people and remains one of the most well-documented and studied volcanic events in history.
Mount Vesuvius has continued to be active over the centuries, with numerous eruptions recorded throughout history. While its activity has been relatively subdued in recent times, the volcano remains a threat to the densely populated region surrounding it, including the modern city of Naples.
Today, Mount Vesuvius is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors who come to witness the powerful forces of nature and learn about its historical significance. The volcano is closely monitored by Italian authorities, ensuring the safety of local residents and visitors alike. Its combination of beauty, history, and potential danger makes Mount Vesuvius an enduring symbol of the raw power of volcanoes and their impact on human civilization.
05. Popocatepetl (Central Mexico)
Popocatépetl, often referred to simply as "Popo," is an active stratovolcano located in Central Mexico. It is part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and stands as the second-highest peak in Mexico, with an elevation of approximately 5,426 meters (17,802 feet) above sea level. Popocatépetl is considered one of the country's most dangerous and active volcanoes.
The name "Popocatépetl" originates from the Nahuatl language, combining the words "popoca" (smoking) and "tepētl" (mountain), giving it the meaning of "Smoking Mountain." The name is fitting, as the volcano has been continuously active throughout history, with regular eruptions releasing ash, gas, and volcanic material.
Popocatépetl is situated relatively close to densely populated areas, including the cities of Puebla and Mexico City, making it a significant potential hazard to the region. As a result, it is closely monitored by Mexican authorities, including the National Center for Disaster Prevention (CENAPRED), to provide timely warnings and ensure public safety in case of increased volcanic activity.
The volcano's eruptions can vary in intensity, ranging from minor ash emissions to larger explosive events, posing risks to aviation and local communities. Despite its active status, Popocatépetl also attracts mountaineers and adventurers who seek to climb to its summit, offering challenging and rewarding experiences along with stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
Popocatépetl holds cultural and historical importance for the indigenous peoples of Mexico, and its image is frequently incorporated into various forms of art, including paintings and sculptures. The volcano's continuous activity serves as a reminder of the dynamic geology that has shaped the Mexican landscape and the ongoing need for vigilance and preparedness in the face of natural hazards.
04. Mayon Volcano (Philippine)
Mayon Volcano is a prominent and active stratovolcano located in the province of Albay in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. It is known for its nearly perfect cone shape, making it one of the most beautiful and iconic volcanoes in the world. Rising to an elevation of approximately 2,462 meters (8,077 feet) above sea level, Mayon Volcano dominates the surrounding landscape.
The name "Mayon" is derived from the Bicolano word "magayon," which means "beautiful" or "majestic," a fitting description for this stunning natural wonder. However, beneath its breathtaking appearance lies a volatile history of frequent and often destructive eruptions.
Mayon is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, with recorded eruptions dating back to the 16th century. The volcano is well-known for its "perfect cone" shape, which has been formed through a combination of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits.
While Mayon's eruptions can range from mild ash emissions to more hazardous and explosive events, it remains a significant threat to nearby communities. The surrounding region is densely populated, with several towns and cities lying in close proximity to the volcano. Eruptions can result in lahars (volcanic mudflows), pyroclastic flows, and ashfall, potentially endangering lives and causing significant damage to property and agriculture.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) closely monitors Mayon's activity and provides timely warnings to the public to ensure safety during periods of heightened volcanic unrest.
Despite its hazardous nature, Mayon Volcano is a popular destination for tourists and adventurers who come to witness its natural beauty and learn about its geological significance. There are designated safe areas for visitors to appreciate the volcano's splendor and enjoy the stunning views it offers while adhering to safety guidelines.
Mayon Volcano's dynamic nature serves as a reminder of the geological forces shaping our planet and the importance of preparedness and monitoring to mitigate the potential impacts of volcanic activity on human communities.
03. Mount St. Helens (USA)
Mount St. Helens is a famous and active stratovolcano located in the state of Washington, USA, in the Pacific Northwest region. It is part of the Cascade Range, a volcanic mountain range that stretches from Northern California to British Columbia, Canada.
Mount St. Helens became widely known for its cataclysmic eruption on May 18, 1980, which was one of the most significant volcanic events in the history of the United States. The eruption resulted in the collapse of the volcano's north face, triggering a massive landslide and a lateral blast that devastated the surrounding landscape.
The eruption released an enormous plume of volcanic ash, steam, and gases that reached heights of over 24 kilometers (15 miles) into the atmosphere. The blast was powerful enough to flatten forests over an area of about 600 square kilometers (230 square miles) and caused the destruction of homes, highways, and bridges. The event also led to significant loss of life, with 57 people reported killed.
Following the lateral blast, Mount St. Helens experienced a major eruption column that generated pyroclastic flows—destructive hot ash, rocks, and gas flows—that reached distances of up to 27 kilometers (17 miles) from the volcano. In the aftermath, the eruption column deposited vast amounts of ash across multiple states, causing widespread disruption to air travel, agriculture, and daily life.
The eruption caused a dramatic change in the appearance of Mount St. Helens, leaving a horseshoe-shaped crater and a prominent lava dome known as the "Lava Dome of Mount St. Helens." Since the 1980 eruption, the volcano has remained active, with ongoing volcanic and seismic monitoring.
Today, Mount St. Helens is a popular destination for tourists, scientists, and outdoor enthusiasts who come to witness the volcano's remarkable recovery and learn about the dynamic geological processes shaping the Pacific Northwest. The area surrounding the volcano has been designated as the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, managed by the U.S. Forest Service, to preserve and study the remarkable ecological recovery and the ongoing volcanic activity.
02. Nevado Del Ruiz (Colombia)
Nevado del Ruiz is a glacier-covered stratovolcano located in the Colombian Andes, in the Tolima Department of Colombia. It is one of Colombia's most active and dangerous volcanoes, and its eruptions have had significant impacts on the surrounding region.
The volcano's summit reaches an elevation of approximately 5,321 meters (17,457 feet) above sea level. Nevado del Ruiz is known for its vast ice cap, which covers its upper slopes and summit. This ice cap makes the volcano susceptible to the formation of lahars, dangerous volcanic mudflows, during eruptions.
One of the most devastating eruptions of Nevado del Ruiz occurred on November 13, 1985. During this eruption, a lahar triggered by the melting of the ice cap mixed with volcanic material and rainwater, causing a massive mudflow that descended the volcano's slopes at high speed. The lahar engulfed the town of Armero and nearby communities, resulting in the tragic loss of around 23,000 lives, making it one of the deadliest volcanic disasters in recorded history.
The 1985 eruption served as a wake-up call for the importance of volcano monitoring and disaster preparedness in Colombia. Since then, the volcano has been closely monitored by the Colombian Geological Service (SGC) to provide early warnings and protect nearby communities from potential hazards during periods of volcanic unrest.
Despite its hazardous nature, Nevado del Ruiz attracts climbers and hikers who seek to summit its peak and explore the breathtaking landscapes of the surrounding national park. Visitors are encouraged to follow safety guidelines and stay informed about the volcano's activity through the SGC's updates.
Nevado del Ruiz remains an active volcano, and ongoing monitoring efforts are crucial to ensure the safety of local communities and minimize the impact of future eruptions and lahars. The volcano's geological history and its potential for volcanic hazards make it an essential area of study for scientists and a poignant reminder of the importance of preparedness and risk reduction in volcanic regions.
01. Campi Flegrei (Italy)
Campi Flegrei, also known as the Phlegraean Fields, is a large volcanic area located in southern Italy, near the city of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous and active volcanic systems in the world. The name "Campi Flegrei" translates to "Burning Fields" in English, which reflects its tumultuous history of volcanic activity.
The caldera of Campi Flegrei stretches over an area of approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) in diameter and encompasses numerous volcanic vents, geysers, and volcanic lakes. It has been an active volcanic region for thousands of years, with historical eruptions dating back to ancient times.
The area is heavily monitored due to the potential threat it poses to the millions of people living in its vicinity. The last major eruption occurred in 1538, but there have been several smaller eruptions and unrest episodes since then. Scientists closely study the region to better understand its volcanic behavior and to assess the potential risks it may pose in the future.
Given its proximity to densely populated areas, the authorities have implemented extensive emergency plans to mitigate the potential impact of a future eruption. Monitoring and early warning systems are in place to detect any signs of increased volcanic activity and to alert the local population in case of an impending eruption.
In summary, Campi Flegrei is a highly active volcanic region in Italy that has historically exhibited dangerous eruptive behavior, requiring continuous monitoring and preparedness to ensure the safety of the surrounding population.
*Bonus Volcano
Mount Merapi (Indonesia)
Mount Merapi, often referred to as "Gunung Merapi" in Indonesian, is an active stratovolcano located in Central Java, Indonesia. It is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in the world, known for its frequent eruptions and devastating impact on the surrounding region.
Standing at an elevation of approximately 2,930 meters (9,610 feet) above sea level, Mount Merapi dominates the landscape and is a prominent feature of the Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces. Its name translates to "Mountain of Fire," aptly describing its volcanic nature.
The volcano has a long history of eruptions, with records dating back over centuries. Its eruptions are often characterized by the release of pyroclastic flows, lahars (mudflows), lava flows, and ash plumes, making it a significant hazard for nearby communities.
The region surrounding Mount Merapi is densely populated, with several villages and towns located on its slopes and in its vicinity. These communities are at risk during periods of volcanic activity, and authorities continuously monitor the volcano to detect any signs of potential eruptions.
Despite the risks, the fertile volcanic soil around Merapi supports extensive agriculture, making the region economically important. However, this proximity to an active volcano necessitates careful planning and preparedness to mitigate the impact of future eruptions.
Scientists and local authorities work together to closely monitor Mount Merapi's activity and provide timely warnings to residents and visitors when necessary. Evacuation plans and emergency response measures are in place to protect people from the hazards associated with volcanic eruptions.
In conclusion, Mount Merapi is a highly active and hazardous stratovolcano in Indonesia, renowned for its frequent eruptions and potential risks to nearby communities. Its ongoing monitoring and disaster preparedness efforts are essential to safeguard the lives and livelihoods of those living in its shadow.
